Autopsy Of A Suicidal Mind Edwin Shneidman Download
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The "need contour" indicates what needs are most of import to a given individual—needs which, when securely frustrated, might atomic number 82 to suicide. In this book, Shneidman presented case studies of three attempted suicides with very different demand profiles.
According to Shneidman there are "ten commonalities of suicide" that cross all profiles. These are:
ane. Purpose—seek a solution
2. Goal—cessation of consciousness
3. Stimulus—unbearable psychological pain
4. Stressor—frustrated psychological needs
5. Emotion—hopelessness/helplessness
half dozen. Cognitive Country—ambiguity
7. Perceptual State—constriction
8. Action—escape
9. Interpersonal Human activity—communication of intention
10. Pattern—consistency with lifelong way of dealing with issues.
Interesting observations:
*But 2-3% of those who threaten suicide actually commit it
*ninety% of those who commit suicide tip off their intention beforehand ("advice of intention")—either past really threatening to do away with themselves, for example, or by straightening out their affairs (east.thousand., preparing a volition), or (especially) by giving away valued possessions.
*As the potential suicide gets close to acting, the focus of attention narrows ("constriction"), so that she tends to think in terms of black-or-white, all-or-zip (called "dichotomous thinking")—every bit in, "Either I win dorsum my boyfriend or I'll commit suicide—there's no other option." [This narrowing of focus sounds very much like what happens in hypnosis—is "constriction" a perverse class of self-hypnosis?:]
*Most all potential suicides veer between living and dying—many hope that somebody volition come to their rescue before they actually kill themselves.
According to Shneidman, the keys to dealing with a potential suicide are to take him seriously, establish trust ("rapport"), widen his perceived range of options (overcome "constriction"), stand up strongly on the side of living versus dying, assist the person solve applied problems, and finally, aid him change his pattern of needs to increment the likelihood that they will be satisfied in the real globe.
This is a skillful common-sense volume, in simple language, past a psychologist who was i of the world'south leading authorities on suicide. A useful read.
NEED FORM
(% for each item, adding to 100%)
______ABASEMENT—the need to submit passively, to belittle oneself
______ACHIEVEMENT—the need to attain something difficult, to overcome
_____AFFILIATION—the need to adhere to a friend or a grouping
______AGGRESSION—the need to overcome opposition forcefully, to fight, to attack
______AUTONOMY—the need to exist independent and costless, to milkshake off restraint
______COUNTERACTION—the need to brand upwards for loss by re-striving; getting even
______DEFENDANCE—the demand to vindicate the self confronting criticism or arraign
______DEFERENCE—the need to admire and back up, praise, emulate a superior
______DOMINANCE—the demand to command, influence and direct others; dominate
______EXHIBITION—the need to excite, fascinate, amuse, entertain others
______HARMAVOIDANCE—the need to avoid pain, injury, illness, death
______INVIOLACY—the need to protect the cocky and one's psychological space
______NURTURANCE—the need to feed, help, console, protect, nurture
______ORDER—the need to reach organization and gild amid things and ideas
______PLAY—the need for fun; to seek pleasance for its ain sake
______REJECTION—the need to exclude, blackball, jilt or miscarry another person
______SENTIENCE—the need to seek sensuous, creature-comfort experiences
______SHAME-Abstention—the demand to avoid humiliation and embarrassment
______ SUCCORANCE—the demand to have one's needs gratified, to be loved
______UNDERSTANDING—the demand to know answers, to know the hows and whys
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His absolutely brilliant and heart-touching question t
Edwin Shneidman, a suicidologist and a thanatologist has written this volume with humane sophistication. It is one of those few books by a specialist who managed to rescue information technology from the glorious yet ignorant field of medical psychiatry and placed it where information technology belongs – " This book is a forthright effort to revitalize the topic of suicide past looking in a fresh way at suicidal phenomena as they play themselves out in the listen of suicidal people."His admittedly brilliant and centre-touching question that nosotros all need to ask people who are depressed or suicidal is: Where do you hurt? This is a very powerful question and would point the person that the hurt has been acknowledged and would help reduce the ache.
At that place are three case histories narrated verbatim by the people who attempted suicide and survived. These personal insights were extremely painful to read and had a recurring theme of psychological pain and frustrations. Edwin goes on and explains the workings of the mind to a cracking length.
My favorite part from the book was "Clues and Constrictions". Edwin suggests that every completed suicide or attempted suicide always leaves plenty of clues backside. These hints and suggestions are sometimes left past the subconscious listen and at other times intentionally to seek intervention. This is of grade not entirely true because in that location are cases where people exercise not get out any trails of their psychologically shattered cocky. He urges us to keep our eyes open up. The second role of this affiliate was on the dichotomy of options perceived by the person who is suffering from psychological hurting. It is either exercise or dice state of affairs. Either I solve this or I die. Either life or death. This is 100% true, I have been there and I know this is how it works. The focus is entirely constricted - a dangerously binary view. What I had not known previously and what Edwin suggests is pushing this circle of focus a little bit outward. Introducing more alternatives to suicide and the psychological problem on hand. This volition help in enlarging the view and breaking the dichotomy.
Another chapter was dedicated to discussing in item the following x commonalities of suicide:
i) The common purpose of suicide is to seek a solution
ii) The common goal of suicide is cessation of consciousness
3) The common stimulus of suicide is unbearable psychological hurting
4) The common stressor in suicide is frustrated psychological needs
5) The common emotion in suicide is hopelessness-helplessness
6) The mutual cognitive state in suicide is ambivalence
7) The common perceptual land in suicide is constriction
viii) The common activity in suicide is escape
9) The common interpersonal act in suicide is advice of intention
ten) The common pattern in suicide is consistency of lifelong styles
The final few chapters dealt with psychotherapy and personal reflections.
In the closing paragraph of the preface, Edwin wrote: "The primary goals of all my writing on suicide for the past 45 years have been to exist helpful and to relieve pain. I live with the promise that I am not deluded in this aspiration." These were the most compelling words I take ever read in suicidology.
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The writer states that in that location are 4 modes of death:
• Natural
• Accident
• Suicide
• Homicide
Psychic Pain
The author states that people get suicidal when they are in unbearable psychic pain. Suicidal people frequently believe that their psychic pain is greater than that of the average person. Suicide is seen as an escape. The suicidal person disconnects from memories of loved ones.
Unfulfilled Needs
Some of the more mutual unfulfilled needs causing psychic pain:
• Accomplishment
• Autonomy
• Dom
The author states that in that location are 4 modes of death:
• Natural
• Accident
• Suicide
• Homicide
Psychic Pain
The author states that people become suicidal when they are in unbearable psychic pain. Suicidal people often believe that their psychic hurting is greater than that of the average person. Suicide is seen as an escape. The suicidal person disconnects from memories of loved ones.
Unfulfilled Needs
Some of the more mutual unfulfilled needs causing psychic pain:
• Achievement
• Autonomy
• Authorisation
• Health
• Dear
• Lodge
• Respect
Not Out of Graphic symbol
A careful exam of the person's by tends to show that the suicide is in character with the person's by behavior, and not an bibelot. Coping mechanisms for past crises give clues on likelihood of suicide. Running away from ones issues is a predictor of suicide.
Constricted Choices
Impaired judgement accompanies depression. Suicidal people develop a tunnel vision, where they feel that their choices are constricted. They feel that they have only a narrow range of options to deal with their crisis. They may feel that the simply selection left open to them is suicide.
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i appreciate that he doesn't pity the people who killed themselves, and doesn't condescend to them, but merely wi
one of the beginning books to try and understand the suicidal mind outside of the typical freudian reasoning. schneidman believes there is something he refers to equally "psychache" and until that is relieved, the spectre of suicide volition remain. it's short, accessible, and i think, fascinating. it's definitely a landmark text in psychology, and it sparked my interest in suicidology massively.i appreciate that he doesn't compassion the people who killed themselves, and doesn't condescend to them, but merely wishes there was a way he could accept helped them - though he admits, often times he would have had no inkling how. this book might enhance more questions than answers, merely i call back it was really of import for its time and place in the growth of the field.
(he'due south the founder of the suicidology enquiry center at UCLA, the first eye in the world to focus only on suicide.)
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Actually, the best is indeed saved for the end here, with the final ii ch
I can't believe Shneidman considers his psychache concept remotely close to proven, because it simply is not, at least in this book. But we go from a section of dogmatic assertions stating exactly this and hop right into...three case studies, each one obviously carefully chosen to illustrate this or that betoken. (Talk about selection bias! - And this after ALREADY excluding anything exterior a "Judeo-Christian" culture [p.five])Actually, the best is indeed saved for the end here, with the last two capacity. A wee bit creepy, when Shneidman describes his sometimes deliberately manipulative therapeutic style, but both chapters seem cutting almost from a dissimilar cloth from the rest of the book. In them Shneidman looks dorsum over his career and does indeed have some interesting things to say.
I think this is one I'll circle back to in a few months, merely overall I can't say I'thou annihilation just disappointed.
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Reread 7/20/xiii
v stars
Learned a lot all over again.
Finished ix/1/07
4 stars
19 - Excellent discussion of what leads to suicidal impulses and what can be done to prevent suicide. Very center opening. Considering that it was written by such an expert in the field - I think the book is fairly like shooting fish in a barrel for the boilerplate person to sympathize.
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After someone close to you commits suicide, the most universal response is to try to understand what they were thinking. How did they come to view suicide as the only (or best) option? That's the question that The Suicidal Listen seeks to answer. What is it that makes people commit suicide? Shneidman'due south description is robust, simply it all comes down to psychological pain that he calls "psychache."Read more
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This book is a broad look at a very complex topic. The concept of "Psychache" is spot on.
As a suicide survivor, and having lost my honey friend to suicide, I wanted to know more than.This book is a wide look at a very complex topic. The concept of "Psychache" is spot on.
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While the writer offers therapeutic tips, throughout the book it is clear the author likely has never been suicidal himself. The author appears to be offering theories, but t
I thought this book was pretty good. Information technology is the just book on suicidology that I've read so far that has offered solutions and therapy for people who are suicidal. The other books I've read accept been statistics and information Almost suicide, but haven't mentioned how the therapeutic process works for people with this problem.While the author offers therapeutic tips, throughout the book it is clear the author likely has never been suicidal himself. The writer appears to be offering theories, but they are plain not based on experience. There is a dire need for someone who has been there to write what it'due south like and offer existent and effective solutions. We are still underequipped in treating suicide ideation. Some of the solutions offered in this volume are practical and likely constructive, but not all. I suggest cantankerous-examining information technology with someone who is or has been suicidal for amend agreement and handling ideas.
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This is a sho In The Suicidal Mind, Dr. Edwin Shneidman attempts to systematize committed suicides and the suicidal impulse via hundreds of collected suicide letters and by performing what he refers to as "psychological autopsies" on committed suicides. The way the information is presented is clean and some sections concerning a patient that Shneidman himself treated reminded me a bit of Oliver Sacks, though it seemed to me Shneidman's logical approach overpowered his empathy more than oftentimes than not.
This is a short volume, existence only near 170 pages or so, only it packs a lot in. It is past no means an encouraging or "enjoyable" read, merely I would call it a necessary read for anyone interested, dislocated, and/or affected by suicide in some way. It sheds some light on a taboo topic without resorting to sugarcoated hogwash, instead laying a logical and (arguably) scientific foundation for examining suicide and its associated mental states. ...more than
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I felt similar too much of the book was transcripts from his suicidal patients (which were frankly not that interesting) and non plenty of the writer's ain analysis of them. I would have liked to come across smaller chunks o
I thought I would like this volume more than I did. It'due south a very interesting topic to me, but I found the volume ho-hum. Maybe it'due south because I'g non studying psychology and am more of a casual reader. I also tend to have a more than sociological view of things thanks to my chosen major in college.I felt like also much of the book was transcripts from his suicidal patients (which were bluntly non that interesting) and non enough of the author's ain analysis of them. I would take liked to meet smaller chunks of the transcripts cleaved upwards past the authors own interpretation and analysis rather than pages and pages of transcript followed by a paragraph or two from the author. I didn't expect to have to exercise all of the analysis of these patient transcripts myself.
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This is a book that wont take a lot of your fourth dimension that you can read and peradventure come up away with some insight and empathy.
(I audio bitter don't I?)
One of the commencement books near suicide that I decided to read. Information technology's non a hefty volume, so information technology works really well as introduction to how people feel if you're ane of the folks that have the "I don't get it, just get over it." listen prepare and feel that depression is totally cocky inflicted and that suicide just someone beingness a big baby.This is a volume that wont take a lot of your fourth dimension that you lot can read and mayhap come away with some insight and empathy.
(I sound bitter don't I?)
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